名词
Revenue: the amount charged for the delivery of goods or services in the ordinary activities of a business. 也叫sales或者turnover
Revenue需要注意的问题是comparable,因为它存在adjustment。有的公司会单独列出net revenue来表示一个已经adjusted的数,有的则还是用revenue这个名但是在note中注明已经adjust——这个时候就要看清楚要用adjusted对比adjusted。[1]
Gain and losses: increases and decreases in economic benefits which typically do not arise in the ordinary activities of the business. 比如卖地
Operating profit: gross profit减去operating expenses(例如selling, general, administrative, and research and development expenses), 特别注意对于金融公司来说interest expense也算在operating expenses里面。此外,operating profit不一定就是EBIT,还有其他因素会影响。
Income: increases in economic benefits during the accounting period, in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants. 在IFRS中,income包括了gains and losses。
Expenses: decreases in assets, or increases in liabilities, that result in decreases in equity, other than those relating to distributions to holders of equity claims.
Direct write-off method: wait until such time as a customer defaulted and only then recognize the loss. 等到真的违约才记录损失。
Depreciation: the process of systematically allocating costs of long-lived assets over the period during which the assets are expected to generate economic benefits. 但是depreciation通常是用在physical的资产的,对无形资产是用amortisation.
Operating activities: generally involve producing and delivering goods and providing services and include all transactions and other events that are not defined as investing or financing activities.