vscode写C++的各种细节

于 2023-09-16 发布 ， 于 2023-09-16 更新

ccls

报错找不到标准库的header

vscode的ccls插件需要配置ccls.misc.compilationDatabaseDirectory才能让它正常识别自定义header，需要根据cmake插件的build目录来设定，不过一般都是${workspaceRoot}/build。

wrapper

根据wiki添加include，做个wrapper。

"clang++ -xc++ -fsyntax-only -v /dev/null" 
% clang++ -xc++ -fsyntax-only -v /dev/null
Apple clang version 14.0.3 (clang-1403.0.22.14.1)
Target: arm64-apple-darwin22.6.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin
"/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/clang" -cc1 -triple arm64-apple-macosx13.0.0 -Wundef-prefix=TARGET_OS_ -Wdeprecated-objc-isa-usage -Werror=deprecated-objc-isa-usage -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -fsyntax-only -disable-free -clear-ast-before-backend -disable-llvm-verifier -discard-value-names -main-file-name null -mrelocation-model pic -pic-level 2 -mframe-pointer=non-leaf -fno-strict-return -ffp-contract=on -fno-rounding-math -funwind-tables=1 -fobjc-msgsend-selector-stubs -target-sdk-version=13.3 -fvisibility-inlines-hidden-static-local-var -target-cpu apple-m1 -target-feature +v8.5a -target-feature +crc -target-feature +lse -target-feature +rdm -target-feature +crypto -target-feature +dotprod -target-feature +fp-armv8 -target-feature +neon -target-feature +fp16fml -target-feature +ras -target-feature +rcpc -target-feature +zcm -target-feature +zcz -target-feature +fullfp16 -target-feature +sm4 -target-feature +sha3 -target-feature +sha2 -target-feature +aes -target-abi darwinpcs -fallow-half-arguments-and-returns -mllvm -treat-scalable-fixed-error-as-warning -debugger-tuning=lldb -target-linker-version 857.1 -v -fcoverage-compilation-dir=/Users/sieve -resource-dir /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/14.0.3 -isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk -I/usr/local/include -stdlib=libc++ -internal-isystem /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1 -internal-isystem /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/local/include -internal-isystem /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/14.0.3/include -internal-externc-isystem /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include -internal-externc-isystem /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include -Wno-reorder-init-list -Wno-implicit-int-float-conversion -Wno-c99-designator -Wno-final-dtor-non-final-class -Wno-extra-semi-stmt -Wno-misleading-indentation -Wno-quoted-include-in-framework-header -Wno-implicit-fallthrough -Wno-enum-enum-conversion -Wno-enum-float-conversion -Wno-elaborated-enum-base -Wno-reserved-identifier -Wno-gnu-folding-constant -fdeprecated-macro -fdebug-compilation-dir=/Users/sieve -ferror-limit 19 -stack-protector 1 -fstack-check -mdarwin-stkchk-strong-link -fblocks -fencode-extended-block-signature -fregister-global-dtors-with-atexit -fgnuc-version=4.2.1 -fno-cxx-modules -no-opaque-pointers -fcxx-exceptions -fexceptions -fmax-type-align=16 -fcommon -fcolor-diagnostics -clang-vendor-feature=+disableNonDependentMemberExprInCurrentInstantiation -fno-odr-hash-protocols -clang-vendor-feature=+enableAggressiveVLAFolding -clang-vendor-feature=+revert09abecef7bbf -clang-vendor-feature=+thisNoAlignAttr -clang-vendor-feature=+thisNoNullAttr -mllvm -disable-aligned-alloc-awareness=1 -D__GCC_HAVE_DWARF2_CFI_ASM=1 -x c++ /dev/null
clang -cc1 version 14.0.3 (clang-1403.0.22.14.1) default target arm64-apple-darwin22.6.0
ignoring nonexistent directory "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/local/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/Library/Frameworks"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/local/include
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/14.0.3/include
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.

提取出关键路径（注意，最后一个不包含括号的内容）：



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/usr/local/include
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/14.0.3/include
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks

写成wrapper放到PATH包含的路径里：



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#!/bin/sh
exec /opt/homebrew/bin/ccls --init='{"clang":{"extraArgs":[
"-isystem/usr/local/include",
"-isystem/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/c++/v1",
"-isystem/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/14.0.3/include",
"-isystem/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include",
"-isystem/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include",
"-isystem/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks"
]}}' "$@"

vscode-ccls插件配置

vscode的相关配置：https://github.com/MaskRay/ccls/wiki/Visual-Studio-Code。

  1. ccls.launch.command，可以直接设置成wrapper的路径。

  2. 高亮：将以下内容直接粘贴到settings.json里：

    

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    "ccls.highlight.function.face": ["enabled"],
"ccls.highlight.type.face": ["enabled"],
"ccls.highlight.variable.face": ["enabled"]

  3. 与微软官方的C++插件同时使用，也是粘贴到settings.json里：

    

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    "C_Cpp.autocomplete": "Disabled",
"C_Cpp.formatting": "Disabled",
"C_Cpp.errorSquiggles": "Disabled",
"C_Cpp.intelliSenseEngine": "Disabled"

lint

brew安装cpplint和cppcheck。

vscode安装cppcheck插件，检查类型cpp-check-lint.cppcheck.--enable=改成all，同时设置cpp-check-lint.cppcheck.--suppressions-list=为missingInclude（真找不到header的话ccls会报错，不需要static linter们报错）。

debug

用cmake来debug，要么在GUI中点击新建launch.js，要么自己在项目根目录新增文件夹.vscode，里面新建launch.json，然后就可以自定义什么运行参数之类的了。



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{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(lldb) 启动",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/adblock2mosdns",
            "args": [
                "--skip-download"
            ],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "lldb"
        }
    ]
}

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